There are fixed-term contracts, (their maximum duration is five years) and contracts with unspecified terms. A minimal part of the working populations has no written contract; conditions are agreed orally. These contracts can not be extended over two weeks.
Cost of labor
Minimum wage
Minimum monthly wage for a full time work is EUR 230
Average wage
The average monthly gross earnings in Turkey is EUR 720. The highest wages are paid in the financial sector and the lowest in the hotels and restaurants.
Social contributions
Social security contributions paid by employers: The rate is 33% (20% for social security and 13% for health insurance).
Social security contributions paid by employees: Two contributions are deducted by the employer on the worker's gross wages: - A contribution of 2% which is paid to a pension fund; - A contribution of 0.6% which helps to finance unemployment insurance.
Social partners
Social dialogue and involvement of social partners
There are 2 major trade unions in Estonia:
- EAKL - Confederation of Estonian Trade Unions
- TALO - Estonian Employees' Unions' Confederation.
It should be noted that trade unions were reorganized following the independence of the country in the 90's. The trade unions gave up their role of acting as an "executing organ" and supporter of the Soviet Union system to gain freedom in acting in the state system and economy. The principles of social partnership were therefore established quite recently. A Trade Unions Act was drawn up and guarantees the right for employees to join a trade union.
Labour market
Estonia
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The active population in figures | Working conditions | Cost of labor | Social partners
The active population in figures
Source: UN - United Nations ; World Bank
Note: (e) Estimated data
Working conditions
60 for women
Cost of labor
Social security contributions paid by employees: Two contributions are deducted by the employer on the worker's gross wages:
- A contribution of 2% which is paid to a pension fund;
- A contribution of 0.6% which helps to finance unemployment insurance.
Social partners
- EAKL - Confederation of Estonian Trade Unions
- TALO - Estonian Employees' Unions' Confederation.
It should be noted that trade unions were reorganized following the independence of the country in the 90's. The trade unions gave up their role of acting as an "executing organ" and supporter of the Soviet Union system to gain freedom in acting in the state system and economy. The principles of social partnership were therefore established quite recently. A Trade Unions Act was drawn up and guarantees the right for employees to join a trade union.
Estonian Employees' Unions' Confederation
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Last updates: May 2012